MEANING

MEANING

(PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE)

            The nature of meaning, its definition, elements, and types, was discussed by Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas ( also known as the / AA framework ). According to the ‘meaning’ is a relationship between to short of things : signs and the kinds of thing they mean (intend, express, or signify)’. One term in the relation of meaning necessarily causes something else to come to the mind in consequence. In other words :’ a sign is defined as an entity that indicates another entity to some agent for some purpose’.

            The types of meaning vary according to the types of the thing that is being represented. Namely:

1. There are the things in the world, which might have meaning;
2. There are things in the world that also signs of other things in the world, and so, are always meaningful (i.e. natural signs the physical world and ideas within the mind);
3. There are thing that are always necessarily meaningful, such as words, and other nonverbal symbols.

All subsequent inquiries emphasize some particular perspective within the

general AAA framework.

The major contemporary of meaning come under the following partial definitions of meaning :

·         Psychological theories, exhausted by notions of thought, intention, or understanding;

·         Logical theories, involving nations such as intension, cognitive content, or sense, along with extension, reference, or denotation.

·         Message, content, information, communication.

·         Truth conditions.

·         Usage and the instructions for usage; and

·         Measurement, computation, or operation.

Idea Theories of Meaning

            Some have argued that meanings are ideas, where the term “ideas” is used refer to either mental representations, or to mental activity in general. Those who seek an explanation for meaning in the former sort of account endorse a stronger sort of idea theory of mind than the letter.

            Each idea is understood to be necessarily about something external and/ or internal, real or imaginary. For example, in contrast to the abstract meaning of the universal “dog”, the referent  “this dog’ may mean particular real life Chihuahua. In both cases, the word is about something, but in the former it is about the class dog as generally understood, while in the latter it is about a very real particular dog in the real world.

Stronger Idea Theories

John Locke, considered all ideas to be both imaginable objects of sensation and the very unimaginable objects of reflection. He said in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, that words are used both as signs of ideas but also to signify the lack of certain ideas. David Hume held that thoughts were kinds of imaginable entities. (See his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, section 2). Hume argued that any words that could not call upon any past experience were without meaning.

Counter Arguments

Goerge Berkeley and Lugwig Wittgenstein hold however that ideas alone are unable to account for the different variations within a general meaning. For example, any hyphothetical image of the meaning of ‘dog’ has to include such varied images as a Chihuahua, a pug, a Black Lab; and this seems impossible to imagine, all of those particular breeds looking very different from one another. Another way to see this point is to question why it is that, if we have an image of specific type of dog (say of Chihuahua), it should be entitled to represent the entire concept.

Definition

            In statistics, an average of a group of members or data points. With a group of numbers, the mean is obtained by adding them and dividing by the number of numbers in the group. Thus the mean of five, seven , and twelve is eight (twenty-four divided by three). (Compare median and mode).

Noun

1. What is intended to be or actually is expressed or indicated; signification; import: the three meaning of a word.
2. The end, purpose, or significance of something: what is the meaning of the life? What is the meaning of this instruction?
3. Linguistics.
1. The nonlinguistic cultural correlate, reference, or denotation of linguistic form; expression.
2. Linguistic content (opposed to expression)

Adjective

1.      Intentioned (usually used in combination) : she’s a well-meaning person

2.      Full of significance; expressive a meaning look.

Use Meaning In A Sentence

1. Meaningly, adverb                                 3. Submeaning, noun
2. Meaningly, noun                                    4. Unermeaning, noun

Verb (Used with Object)

1. To have in mind as one’s purpose or intention; intend : I meant to compliment you on your work
2. To intend for a particular purpose, destination, etc : They were meant for each other.
3. To intend to express or indicate: What do you mean by “liberal”?
4. To have as its sense or signification; signify : The word “freedom” means many things to many people.
5. To bring, cause, or produce as a result : This bonus means that we can take a trip to Florida.
6. To have (certain intentions) toward a person : He didn’t mean you any harm.
7. To have the value of;  assume the importance of : Money means everything to them. She means the world to him

Verbs (used without object)

8. to be minded or disposed, have intentions : Beware, she means ill, despite her solicitous manner.
9. Mean well, to have good intentions, try to be kind or helpful : Her constant. queries about your health must be tiresome, but I’m sure she means well.

Ø  To be used to conve; denote : "The question is, ' said Alice, 'whether you can make words mean so many different things" (Lewis Carroll).

Ø  To act as a symbol of: signify or represent . in this poem, the budding flower means youth.

Ø  To Intend to conveyor indicate No one means al’ he says, and yet few very  few say all the man, for words are slippery and thought is viscous” (henry Adams)

Ø   To design, intend, of destine for a certain purpose or end : A building that was meant        for storage; a student who was mean to be a scientist.

Ø  To have as consequence bring about : friction means heat

Ø  To have the importance: The opinions of the critics meant nothing to him     meant. She meant so much to me.

Medical Dictionary

Noun

1.      Something having a position quality, or condition midway  between  extremes; a medium.

2.      A number that typifies a set of numbers. such as a geometric mean or an arithmetic mean.

3.      The average value of a set of numbers

Adjective ;

1.       Occupying a middle or intermediate position between two extremes.

2.       Intermediate in size, extent_. quality, time, or degree; medium.

Slang particles in Indonesian Language

Partikel dalam percakapan bahasa Indonesia

'There are many 'particles’ that often be spoken while, speaking Indonesian. A foreigner that has learnt Indonesian will of course be confused with so many 'words' that he/she doesn't understand. Even when an Indonesian himself, if he/she never have thought about the particles, the meaning is also not understood. for example, while eating meatball soup, a friend comes from^• behind and asks, "Lagi makan apa sihh?" (What are ' /on eating sih?). This "sih ' has no certain meaning, it only expresses feeling This is the advantage of using Indonesian than English, because there are so many words indicating, feeling, as it is with Japanese.

Yesterday a western asked me by email, she wanted to make an article about Indonesian slang, then she asked me to check it first and to give some suggestions etc. The face that she has studied Indonesian for quite a long time, the article is good enough, although some are wrong and feel unnatural. So I helped her and added a few new words.

Because of that I become interested on it and now want to make a article about it. I hope it can. be followed and is useful for foreigners that learn Indonesian (actually I wrote the articles with some particles, didn't 1)

Deh

·         flow about...

Coba dulu dell = How about  trying it first?

Lanjutin besok lagi deh = How about (continuing it tomorrow ?

·         1 think— / I decide..

Mau yang mana'? yang biru neeh = which one do you wan"? - I think I’II choose the blue
One

Aku pergi deh = I think I'm Doing? Better if I go.

Dong

·         Indeed/ of course/You should have know  that...

Kamu dapat  kue gratis juga? Dapet dong: Did you get the free cake? - Of course I got it Suka yang mana? (choosing a gin) -- yang itu  dong = Which one do you like? - Of course him/her (I think you think the same too)

·         Soften a prohibition or command

·         then ( used with "kalau (tidak)”/kalo ga

Kalo ga bisa tidur ya baca buku telepon= if you cannot sleep, (then) read the telephone
directory.

Kalo ga bisa bawa catatan, kilo ga ya , gak  papa (tidak apa-apa, =- If you can, bring a notepad, but if cannot it's okay

Kalo tetep mau antri ya  silahkan  saja = if you still want to queue, it's okay with me.

·         Expressing dissatisfaction ( in front (sentence)

Yah, Juventus kalah lagi = Sadly, Juventus is again lost

Yah, kamu  sih = It's because of you,, you know? (softly)

Berapa sih harganya = I wonder how much the price is.

·         Expressing annoyance

Sebetulnya kamu lagi apa sih ? -- What are you EXACTLY doing?

Kenapa sih selalu telat? - Why are you always late?

·         Because

Kamu sih datangnya lama, jadi  semua telat = Because of you came up late, everybody become late.

Aku sedih, kamu jahat sih == I am sad, because you are evil

·         Selecting something differrent than the others

Karyawan di sama bodoh- bodoh yah? - Adi sih pinter,... = All staffs, there are stupid, aren't they? - (All are stupid, except) Adi (which is), smart.

·         But (sometimes the Centeno, step , there)

Semua soal bisa ? - Elsa sih, Cuma ada 1 yang Ga = Did you successfully do all the
questions? - Yes I did, but there  is one that I didn't.

Bisa main gitar? - Bisa sih — Can you , play guitar? - I can, but...

Tuh

·        See that! ( I don't want to do anything about  it from now)

Makan tuh kuenva = Eat the cake , I don't want to eat anymore)

Kamu tuh kerjanya tidur  melulu  = All you do is sleeping (I'm annoyed)

Ya/ yah

·        Isn't it (question tag, wondering)

Tadi itu Adi ya? = The one (you met) just now was Adi, Wasn’t  it?

Rapatnya. mulai jam 8 ya? = the meeting start at 8n, isn’t it?

·         Either .. or.. (if coupled with "kalau tidak" "kalo ga")?

Aku pasti bawa sesuatu kalo sabun ya sampo = I will bring something. Either soap or shampoo

Kalo ga dimakan singa, ya digigit ular =Yon will be either eaten by a lion or bitten by a snake

Actually I haven't been there (l don't know)

Tiap hari aku tidur 8 jam , lama yah — Aku juga ko = I sleep 8 hears every day, it's long isn't it? – Actually me  too ( I think that' not too long)

Loh/ lho/ lo

·         Expressing  surprise after hearing something

Loh, katanya ga man ikut? - Pikir-pikir pengen juga ~- What? Didn't you said that you didn't            to. Join us? – After thinking,  I became more interested.

Akit bolos aja deh -- Loh! Kenapa? = I think- I will skip (the lecture) (for now) — What?! Why is it?

·         You know? / I'll let you know that

Ikut dung, Adi aja Ikut loh =  please join us,  even Adi joined us, you know?

Jangan main api, nanti  kebakar loh — Don't play with tire, you may be burned, you know?

·         Asserting / making sure

Datang loh ke ultah Adi! = Don't .forget to come to  Adi's birthday party.

Ingat loh pesan saya! = Make sure you remember my advice.

Nih

·         Comes from "in'" meaning "this", indicating something related to here/current time

Cape nih == I'm tired (now)

Besok aja bikin kalimatnya, lagi sibuk nih= Flow if we make the sentences tomorrow, since I'm busy (now)

·         Are you really,..?

U dah matta pergi nih? = Are you really going now?

·         Emphasizes the subject

Adi nih yang masak = The one who cooks is Adi,  you  know?

Sih

·         I wonder ... (sometimes need answer, sometimes not)

Tadi Pak Adi ngomong apa sih? := I wonder what Pak Adi said just now

Jangan keras-keras dong (lagunya)= Don't set it so loud please (the music)

Eh, kertasnya masukin semua dong= Hey, please insert all the paper!

Eh

·         Hey (requesting attention)

Eh, sini sebentar! == Hey, come here for a minute!

·         Correcting incorrectly, spoken words / I mean

Tadi kan aku kasih kamu dua ratus, eh dua ribu? = Didn't I give. you two hundred... I mean two thousand?

·         By the way (changing topic)

Eh inget ga tempat ini? = By the way, Do you  remember this place?

Kan

·         Isn't it (question tag to assert)

Dia yang namanya Adi Kan? = 1 le is the me called Adi, right?

Bagus kan? = Good, isn't it?

·         Didn't you remember that...

Hah, dia mau datang? -- Kan kamu yang bilang, masa 1upa?       

Heh, he is coming? – Wasn't it you said it to me , how can you Forget?

·         Because

Kenapa _ga masukin kulkas aja? – mana cukup kan kulkasnya kecil 

 Why don't you put it in the fridge? - it's not enough, because the fridge is small.

Ko, kok

·         Why (asking) / I wonder why Just expresses wonder)

Ko kamu  telat?^:= Why are you late?

Ko bisa dia dipukul papanya, aneh – I wonder why he is attacked by his father, it's strange

·         Actually ... (denying, assumption)

Makan disana enak ga? - Aku ga pernah kesana kok = Is it nice to eat there?